LESSON 2
GRAMMAR
IMPERATIVE FORM
- Imperative Form ��� �ӡ���Ҫ�ͧ��� 1 �������ö��㹻���¤����� ����¤�����й�
��л���¤���͸Ժ���Ըա�â�鹵͹��
������ҧ
Shut the door.
�Դ��е�
Be
on time.
���������
Don�t
forget the safety briefing at 1500 hours.
���������ú�������ػ����ͧ������ʹ��µ͹���������
Calm down! Evacuate the building;
then call the fire department.
ʧ�ŧ��͹ ;¾�͡�ҡ�֡ �������駵��Ǩ�Ѻ��ԧ
Take
past the bridge, and turn left. The Children�s
Hospital is on your right.
����鶹������Ţ���价ҧ����騹��з�觶֧���ह�ʹ��
�����Ǣ����ТѺ�ç��ա��ǧ
�����ҹ�����оҹ ���������ǫ��� �ç��Һ��������ҧ��ҹ������
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Complete each of the following with an
imperative verb (either affirmative or negative) using the words listed below.
tell
bathe buy talk
give touch
fasten hurry up apply
EXAMPLE: Tell
Mr. Reyes that he has a telephone call.
1. ___________ a loaf of bread on your way home.
2. ___________ the pot. It�s hot.
3. ___________ Jim his present until tomorrow.
4. ___________ your seat-belt before you drive.
5. ___________! We�re late.
6. ___________ during the test, or the instructor
will take away your paper.
7. ___________ the wound with hot water and soap before you put a bandage
on it. Don�t
change
the bandage if it becomes soaked. Put a new one on top of the old one.
8. ___________ pressure to a burn. It�s dangerous.
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Complete each of the following with an imperative verb using the
given words.
EXAMPLE : What
should I do if someone falls down the stairs ? (check,
find out, ask, call)
Ask the victim if he is hurt.
Find
out if he can move his fingers and toes.
Check his breathing and pulse.
Call
an ambulance.
1. What should I do before class
starts? (go, say, sharpen, get)
__________ your books together.
__________
your pencils so you can write with them.
__________
to class on time.
__________ �Good morning� to your teacher and friends.
2. What do you need to do before you leave on a trip? ( pack, go, plan, make)
__________
your trip.
__________
reservations on the plane and at the hotel.
__________
your suitcase so you have enough clothes.
__________
to the airport early in order to catch your flight.
3. What should I do if I�m in a car accident? ( check, call, pull over, give)
__________
to the side of the road so you�re not blocking the
traffic.
__________
to see if any passengers in the other car are injured.
__________
first aid if necessary.
__________
the police and your insurance company.
4. What do you do to check into a hotel? (fill out, pay, ask)
__________
the desk clerk the price of the room.
__________
the information card with your name, address, and
other information.
__________
for the room with cash, a check or a credit card.
5. How do you work this vending machine? (take, decide, push)
__________
what you want to buy.
__________
the button for the item you want.
__________
your selection.
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ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME
- Adverb Clause of Time ���
͹ػ���¤����˹�ҷ�����ҧ�ӡ��������ɳ���͡���� ��й�˹�Ҵ��¤ӵ��仹��
as
after before now that until
while
whenever since
as
soon as
when
- Adverb Clause of Time ���ʴ���������ѹ���ҹ���Ңͧ�˵ء�ó�˹�觷���յ���ա�˵ء�ó�˹��
�ѧ��͸Ժ�µ��仹��
Time Expressed
Verb in Main Clause Verb
in Time Clause
1. Present Simple
present/ Imperative
Simple Present
We
select the candy we want before
we pull the handle.
Don�t stop this procedure until
the doctor comes.
2. Present Simple
present/ Imperative
Present
Progressive
Make
some tea now
that the water is boiling.
They
can read their letters now
that the children are sleeping.
3. Future
Future/ Future Equivalent Simple
Present
She�ll
read a magazine after
she washes her clothes.
I
plan to eat lunch after
I wash the car.
4. Past Past Progressive Simple
Past
Jim
was waiting at the corner when
the light turned green.
My
sons were playing tennis when
I came home.
5. Past Simple
Past Past
Progressive I read a magazine while
my husband was sleeping.
It
snowed while
I was driving to school.
6. Past Past
Progressive Past
Progressive
Dave was singing as
he was taking a bath.
Sarah
and Jim were jogging while
I was riding a horse.
7. Past Simple
Past Simple
Past
Oliver was excited whenever
the teacher yelled at him.
I
screamed whenever
I saw a big dog.
8. Past Present
Perfect/Past Perfect Simple
Past
Jan hasn�t seen her son since
he came home.
I
had forgotten Ellen until
I ran into her at the mall.
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Complete the sentences
with one of the words below.
as when
before
now that since
until after as soon as
whenever while
1. ______________ he lied to us,
we had trusted him completely.
2. They were listening to the radio _______________
they were working in the yard.
3. Pay for an item ______________ you leave the store.
4. ______________ we retire, we hope to enjoy our free
time.
5. He was riding his bike ______________ he fell.
6. ______________ it�s getting dark, we ought to turn
on the lights.
7. He�ll graduate _______________ he attends school
for four years.
8. ______________ you give the report to the manager,
please revise it again.
9. I was sleeping ______________ the phone rang.
10. ______________ he has the chance, he goes to the
gym.
11. She has been studying Chinese ______________ she
was a child.
12. ______________ you finish reading the newspaper,
we�ll go.
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 4
Direction: Complete the sentences
using a form of the words in the parentheses.
1. Johnnie, brush your teeth
before ______________________. (leave for school)
2. Now that ____________________ ,
we should work indoors. (weather / get colder)
3. He was smoking a cigarette when
____________________. (bell / ring)
4. While _____________________, it started to rain. (we / swim)
5. Mary was ironing as ___________________. (she / watch TV)
6. Whenever ___________________ ,
Helen answered. (instructor / ask question)
7. He had bled continuously until ___________________.
(doctor / come)
8. Now that ___________________ ,
please help them find their coats. (guests / leave)
9. While ____________________, he washed his car. (he /listen radio)
10. We couldn�t see the sign until
_____________________. (we / get closer)
11. I�ve met a lot of interesting people since
_____________________. (join / boat club)
12. As soon as
____________________, dial the number. (hear / tone)
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PRESENT GERUND AS NOUN MODIFIER
- Present Gerund ��ͤӡ���ҷ����� �ing ���˹�ҷ������͹�ӹ�� �������ö�� Present Gerund ������¤ӹ��
���ҧ���˹�Ҥӹ�������ҵ�ͧ��â��� �����ʴ��ѵ�ػ��ʧ��ͧ�ӹ�������
�ѧ������ҧ���仹��
- ����Ѻ�ӹ������� Present Gerund ���¹�� ���ա��ŧ���§˹ѡ (Primary Stress) ���� Present Gerund ��ǹ�ӹ����ѡ�����Ѻ���ŧ���§˹ѡ�ͧ (Weaker Stress)
������ҧ
He left his driving gloves on his desk.
���ҧ�ا�������Ѻ�Ѻö��麹��зӧҹ�ͧ��
Tony
can�t find his cleaning tools.
ⷹ���������ö������ͧ�������Ѻ�Ӥ������Ҵ�ͧ����
Jane
needs a new frying pan.
ਹ��ͧ��á�з�����Ѻ�ʹ�ѹ�����ѡ˹���ѹ
Have
you seen my sewing scissors?
�س��繡��������Ѻ�Ѵ��红ͧ�ѹ���
Let�s
go to the swimming pool.
�ǡ�������(����Ѻ)���¹�ӡѹ���
EXERCISE 5
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the best gerund-noun combination.
printing presses parking
lots running
shoes nursing
school washing
machine smoking
section cleaning
lady waiting
room
typing paper vending
machine rocking
chair examining
table swimming
pool firing
range ironing
board driving
gloves
sewing machine answering
machine
1. My sister studied how to be a
nurse at the big ______________ downtown.
2. The city provides 15 public
_______________ in this area.
3. Babies often fall asleep while
their mothers rock them back and forth in a ______________.
4. Magazines, books, and
newspapers are printed on huge machines called _______________.
5. A patient sits or lies on the
________________ when being examined by a doctor.
6. Put on your ________________,
and we�ll go jogging.
7. The ________________ is
broken; you won�t be able to do your laundry tonight.
8. I ran out of ________________.
I need to borrow some because I�m writing my report.
9. A _______________ is a machine
which sells drinks, newspapers, candy, cigarettes, snacks,
or
other items.
10. People who drive for long
distances often wear ________________.
11. People have to pay money to
leave their cars in ________________ downtown.
12. A ________________ is a woman
you hire to clean your house.
13. There are magazines in the ________________ to read while you�re
waiting for the dentists.
14. Ask to sit in the
_______________ if you like to smoke.
15. An ________________ will automatically answer the
phone and record a message for you
if you�re not home.
16. A _________________ is a
special area where people go to practice shooting guns.
17. People usually iron their
clothes on an _________________.
18. It�s
a lot faster to use a ________________ than it is to sew by hand.
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VOCABULARY
- first aid (n.) =
initial emergency medical treatment
=
��û����Һ��
- step (n.) =
stage in a process
= ��鹵͹
- first of all =
the beginning; the first ting to do
= ����á�ش
- during the time =
while
= 㹢�з��
- victim (n.) =
one who suffers pain or harm
=
������Ѻ�Ҵ��
- investigate (v.) =
to examine closely; to find out about something
= �׺�ǹ,
�ͺ�ǹ
- carry out (v.) =
to accomplish
= ���ʺ���������
- unconscious (adj.) = not being able to feel, think,
understand what�s happening
= ���ʵ�
- conscious (adj.) = knowing, understanding,
aware
=
��ʵ�
- procedure (n.) =
method of doing things
=
�Ըա��
- wound (n.) =
an injury to the body causing a cut or a break
= �Ҵ��
- fracture (n.) =
a break or crack of bone
= ��д١�ѡ
- infect (v.) =
to cause a disease in the body
=
�Դ����
- initial (adj.) =
at the beginning
= ������á
- proceed (v.) =
to continue
= ���Թ���
- bandage (n.) =
a strip of material put over a wound
= ��Ҿѹ��
- apply (v.) =
to put or spread on
= �ҧ ���� ��
- firmly (adv.) = steadily
= ���ҧ��
- restrict (v.) =
to keep within certain limits
=
�ӡѴ
- vein (n.) =
a tube taking blood to the heart
= ������Ե��
- artery (n.) =
a tube taking blood away from the heart
= ������Եᴧ
- steady (adj.) =
firmly fixed
= ��
- elevate (v.) =
to raise
= ¡���
- expose (v.) =
to bring into view
= ����͡��
- by the time =
before or not later than the time another event occurs
= ��͹
(�ա�˵ء�ó�˹��)
- aware (adj.) =
conscious
= ����֡���
- screeching (n.) =
making a high, unpleasant noise
= ���§��մ��ͧ
- collide (v.) =
to crash
= ��
- collision (n.) =
a crash
= ��ê�
- collapse (v.) =
to fall down
= ���ŧ��,
�ѧŧ��
- crush
(v.) =
to squeeze or press with force
=
��, ����
- somewhat =
a little; slightly
= ��硹���
- series (n.) =
a number of things coming one after another; a set of something
=
�繪ش
-carry on (v.) =
to continue
= ���Թ��õ���
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Select the best answer.
1. The ____________ sound of the alarm woke
everyone up.
a. continuous b.
crushed c.
firm
2. Follow the _____________ in the correct sequence.
a. proceed b.
steps c.
steady
3. The table doesn�t move; it�s _____________.
a. firmly b.
steady c.
procedure
4. The veins and ______________ in his legs would
not allow the blood to flow.
a. arteries b.
exposure c.
series
5. The doctor said to ______________ this medicine
to the wound.
a. apply b.
direct c.
exchange
6. The ______________ in the procedure were easy to
follow.
a. bandage b.
steps c.
safety
7. Cover the wound with a ______________.
a. procedure b.
rule c.
bandage
8. If the arm is broken, _____________ its
movement.
a. continue b.
elevate c.
restrict
9. If the person is bleeding from a cut on his
foot, ____________ his foot above his head.
a. elevate b.
remove c.
crush
10. The boy injured his head and was ____________
for some time.
a. working b.
unconscious c.
collapsing
11. The rock for the highway was _____________ and
spread by a machine.
a. crushed b.
restricted c.
collapsed
12. After the traffic light, keep going
south on Highway 181.
a. investigate b.
proceed c.
collide
13. I�m a little tired of this weather.
a. somewhat b.
very c.
not
14. The major bought a set of books to help
him learn English.
a. pair b.
sequence c.
series
15. The explosion caused the building to fall
down suddenly.
a. infect b.
crush c.
collapse
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ANSWER KEY
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Complete each of the following with an imperative verb (either
affirmative or negative) using the words listed below.
tell
bathe buy talk
give touch
fasten hurry up apply
EXAMPLE: Tell
Mr. Reyes that he has a telephone call.
1. Buy a loaf of bread on your way home.
2. Don�t touch the pot. It�s hot.
3. Don�t give Jim his present until tomorrow.
4. Fasten your seat-belt before you drive.
5. Hurry up! We�re late.
6. Don�t talk during the test, or the instructor will take away your
paper.
7. Bathe the wound with hot water and soap before you put a bandage
on it. Don�t
change
the bandage if it becomes soaked. Put a new one on top of the old one.
8. Don�t apply pressure to a burn. It�s dangerous.
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Complete each of the following with an imperative verb using the
given words.
EXAMPLE : What
should I do if someone falls down the stairs ? (check,
find out, ask, call)
Ask the victim if he is hurt.
Find
out if he can move his fingers and toes.
Check his breathing and pulse.
Call
an ambulance.
1. What should I do before class
starts? (go, say, sharpen, get)
____Get___ your books together.
_Sharpen__
your pencils so you can write with them.
____Go___ to class on time.
____Say___ �Good morning� to your teacher and friends.
2. What do you need to do before you leave on a trip? ( pack, go, plan, make)
__Plan____ your trip.
__Make___ reservations on the plane and at the hotel.
__Pack___
your suitcase so you have enough clothes.
____Go___ to the airport early in order to catch your flight.
3. What should I do if I�m in a car accident? ( check, call, pull over, give)
_Pull over_ to the side of the road so you�re not blocking the
traffic.
___Check__ to see if any passengers in the other car are injured.
___Give___ first aid if necessary.
___Call___ the police and your insurance company.
4. What do you do to check into a hotel? (fill out, pay, ask)
____Ask___ the desk clerk the price of the room.
___Fill out___ the information card with your name, address, and
other information.
___Pay___ for the room with cash, a check or a credit card.
5. How do you work this vending machine? (take, decide, push)
___Decide____ what you want to buy.
____Push__
the button for the item you want.
____Take__ your selection.
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Complete the sentences
with one of the words below.
as when
before
now that since
until
after as soon as
whenever while
1. Until / Before
he lied to us, we had trusted him completely.
2. There were listening to the radio as / while
they were working in the yard.
3. Pay for an item before you leave the store.
4. After we retire, we hope to enjoy our free
time.
5. He was riding his bike when he fell.
6. Now that it�s getting dark, we ought to turn
on the lights.
7. He�ll graduate after he attends school for
four years.
8. Before you give the report to the manager,
please revise it again.
9. I was sleeping when the phone rang.
10. Whenever / When he
has the chance, he goes to the gym.
11. She has been studying Chinese since she was
a child.
12. As soon as you finish reading the
newspaper, we�ll go.
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 4
Direction: Complete the sentences
using a form of the words in the parentheses.
1. Johnnie, brush your teeth
before you leave for school. (leave for school)
2. Now that the weather�s getting colder, we
should work indoors. (weather / get colder)
3. He was smoking a cigarette when the bell rang.
(bell / ring)
4. While we were swimming, it started to rain.
(we / swim)
5. Mary was ironing as she was watching TV. (she / watch TV)
6. Whenever the instructor asked her a question,
Helen answered. (instructor / ask question)
7. He had bled continuously until the doctor came.
(doctor / come)
8. Now that the guests are leaving, please help
them find their coats. (guests / leave)
9. While he was listening to the radio, he
washed his car. (he /listen radio)
10. We couldn�t see the sign until we got closer.
(we / get closer)
11. I�ve met a lot of interesting people since I
joined the boat club. (join / boat club)
12. As soon as you hear the tone, dial the
number. (hear / tone)
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 5
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the best gerund-noun combination.
printing presses parking
lots running
shoes nursing
school washing
machine smoking
section cleaning
lady waiting
room
typing paper vending
machine rocking
chair examining
table swimming
pool firing
range ironing
board driving
gloves
sewing machine answering
machine
1. My sister studied how to be a
nurse at the big nursing school downtown.
2. The city provides 15 public swimming
pools in this area.
3. Babies often fall asleep while
their mothers rock them back and forth in a rocking chair.
4. Magazines, books, and
newspapers are printed on huge machines called printing presses.
5. A patient sits or lies on the examining
table when being examined by a doctor.
6. Put on your running shoes,
and we�ll go jogging.
7. The washing machine is
broken; you won�t be able to do your laundry tonight.
8. I ran out of typing paper.
I need to borrow some because I�m writing my report.
9. A vending machine is a
machine which sells drinks, newspapers, candy, cigarettes, snacks,
or
other items.
10. People who drive for long
distances often wear driving gloves.
11. People have to pay money to
leave their cars in parking lots downtown.
12. A cleaning lady is a
woman you hire to clean your house.
13. There are magazines in the waiting room to read while you�re
waiting for the dentists.
14. Ask to sit in the smoking
section if you like to smoke.
15. An answering machine
will automatically answer the phone and record a message for you
if you�re not home.
16. A firing range is a
special area where people go to practice shooting guns.
17. People usually iron their
clothes on an ironing board.
18. It�s
a lot faster to use a sewing machine than it is to sew by hand.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Select the best answer.
1. The ____________ sound of the alarm woke
everyone up.
a. continuous b.
crushed c.
firm
2. Follow the _____________ in the correct
sequence.
a. proceed b.
steps c.
steady
3. The table doesn�t move; it�s _____________.
a. firmly b.
steady c.
procedure
4. The veins and ______________ in his legs would
not allow the blood to flow.
a. arteries b.
exposure c.
series
5. The doctor said to ______________ this medicine
to the wound.
a. apply b.
direct c.
exchange
6. The ______________ in the procedure were easy to
follow.
a. bandage b.
steps c.
safety
7. Cover the wound with a ______________.
a. procedure b.
rule c.
bandage
8. If the arm is broken, _____________ its
movement.
a. continue b.
elevate c.
restrict
9. If the person is bleeding from a cut on his
foot, ____________ his foot above his head.
a. elevate b.
remove c.
crush
10. The boy injured his head and was ____________
for some time.
a. working b.
unconscious c.
collapsing
11. The rock for the highway was _____________ and
spread by a machine.
a. crushed b.
restricted c.
collapsed
12. After the traffic light, keep going
south on Highway 181.
a. investigate b.
proceed c.
collide
13. I�m a little tired of this weather.
a. somewhat b.
very c.
not
14. The major bought a set of books to help
him learn English.
a. pair b.
sequence c.
series
15. The explosion caused the building to fall
down suddenly.
a. infect b.
crush c.
collapse